Indian Rocks (भारत की चट्टानें) – Types, Formation aur Distribution | Complete Guide

Introduction

Indian Rocks ka matlab hai Bharat ki dharti par paayi jane wali vibhinna prakaar ki chattanen. Earth ki sabse upar wali layer ko crust kaha jata hai aur ye adhiktar rocks se milkar bani hoti hai. Bharat ka geological history bahut hi purana mana jata hai, jo karodon saal purana hai. Isi wajah se India me lagbhag har type ki rocks dekhne ko milti hain.

Indian rocks ka study geography aur geology me bahut important hai. Saath hi ye topic competitive exams jaise RRB, UPSC, SSC aur State PCS me bhi frequently poocha jata hai.

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Rock Kya Hoti Hai?

Rock ek natural solid substance hota hai jo ek ya ek se adhik minerals se milkar bana hota hai. Kuch rocks sirf ek hi mineral se bani hoti hain, jabki kai rocks me alag-alag minerals ka mixture hota hai.

Common Rock Examples

• Granite

• Basalt

• Sandstone

• Limestone

Ye sab Earth ki surface par commonly paayi jane wali rocks hain.

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India Me Rocks Ki Main Categories

Geology me rocks ko unke formation ke basis par teen main groups me divide kiya jata hai.

1. Igneous Rocks (अग्निज चट्टानें)

2. Sedimentary Rocks (अवसादी चट्टानें)

3. Metamorphic Rocks (रूपांतरित चट्टानें)

Ab in tino ko detail me samajhte hain.

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1. Igneous Rocks (अग्निज चट्टानें)

Igneous rocks yani अग्निज चट्टानें Earth ke andar maujood molten material se banti hain. Jab Earth ke interior me pighla hua padarth thanda hokar solid state me badal jata hai, tab igneous rocks ka nirmaan hota hai. Geological studies ke anusaar ye chattanen sabse purani mani jati hain aur isi karan inhe Primary Rocks bhi kaha jata hai.

Earth ki crust aur mantle me chalne wali internal processes ke karan magma banta hai aur isi magma ke thanda hone se igneous rocks ka formation hota hai.

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1. Magma Kya Hai?

Earth ke andar temperature aur pressure dono bahut zyada hote hain. Kai jagah par temperature itna adhik hota hai ki rocks partially ya completely melt ho jati hain. Is pighle hue material ko magma kaha jata hai.

Magma ek complex mixture hota hai jisme kai prakaar ke minerals aur gases present rehte hain.

Magma ke main components hote hain:

• Silica (SiO₂)

• Aluminium

• Iron

• Magnesium

• Calcium

• Dissolved gases jaise carbon dioxide aur water vapour

Jab yahi magma Earth ke surface par pahunch jata hai to ise lava kaha jata hai.

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2. Magma Ka Formation (Magma Kaise Banta Hai)

Igneous rocks ki origin ko samajhne ke liye magma ka formation samajhna zaruri hai. Geology me magma formation ke kuch main processes bataye gaye hain.

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1. Temperature Increase (Tapman ka Badhna)

Earth ke mantle region me temperature pehle se hi bahut adhik hota hai. Agar kisi particular area me temperature aur badh jaye to wahan ki rocks melt hone lagti hain aur magma ban jata hai.

Ye situation aksar in jagahon par dekhi jati hai:

• Volcanic areas

• Plate boundaries

In regions me heat energy rocks ko melt karke molten material me convert kar deti hai.

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2. Pressure Ka Kam Hona (Decompression Melting)

Kabhi-kabhi mantle ki rocks upar ki taraf move karti hain. Jab ye rocks upar aati hain to un par lagne wala pressure kam ho jata hai. Pressure kam hone ki wajah se rocks melt hone lagti hain aur magma ka formation hota hai.

Is process ko Decompression Melting kaha jata hai.

Ye prakriya mainly in areas me hoti hai:

• Mid-ocean ridges

• Rift valleys

Yah process plate tectonics se bhi closely related hai.

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3. Volatiles Ka Addition (Water aur Gases ka Prabhav)

Kuch geological conditions me water aur gases mantle rocks me mix ho jati hain. Ye substances rocks ka melting point kam kar dete hain. Melting point kam hone se rocks asani se melt ho jati hain aur magma banne lagta hai.

Ye process mainly hota hai:

• Subduction zones

• Volcanic arcs

Yah process volcanic activity ko bhi influence karta hai.

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3. Magma se Igneous Rocks ka Formation

Jab magma ya lava thanda hone lagta hai to usme maujood minerals crystallize hone lagte hain. Dheere-dheere ye molten material solid rock me convert ho jata hai. Isi prakriya ko igneous rock formation kaha jata hai.

Cooling ki jagah ke according igneous rocks do main types me divide ki jati hain.

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1. Intrusive Igneous Rocks (Plutonic Rocks)

Jab magma Earth ki surface tak nahi pahunch pata aur andar hi dheere-dheere thanda ho jata hai to intrusive rocks ka formation hota hai.

Main Features

• Cooling process slow hota hai

• Minerals ko crystal banane ka zyada time milta hai

• Crystals ka size bada hota hai

• Rocks strong aur dense hoti hain

Examples

• Granite

• Diorite

• Gabbro

India me Distribution

India ke Peninsular Plateau region me granite jaise intrusive rocks bahut adhik paayi jati hain.

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2. Extrusive Igneous Rocks (Volcanic Rocks)

Jab magma volcano ke through Earth ke surface par nikal kar lava ban jata hai aur wahan thanda hota hai, tab extrusive igneous rocks ka formation hota hai.

Main Features

• Cooling bahut fast hota hai

• Crystals ka size chhota hota hai

• Texture comparatively smooth hota hai

Examples

• Basalt

• Obsidian

• Pumice

India me Example

India ka Deccan Plateau ek famous volcanic region hai jo basalt lava flows se bana hai.

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4. Igneous Rocks ka Geological Importance

Igneous rocks Earth ki internal geological processes ko samajhne me bahut important role nibhati hain.

1. Sabse Purani Rocks

Geological research ke according Earth par sabse pehle bani hui rocks igneous rocks hi thi.

2. Minerals ka Source

Kai important metallic minerals jaise:

• Gold

• Copper

• Iron

igneous rocks se associated hote hain.

3. Continents ki Rachna

Continental crust ka ek bada hissa igneous rocks se bana hua hai.

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5. Rock Cycle me Igneous Rocks ka Role

Igneous rocks Earth ke rock cycle ka ek important stage hoti hain. Rocks time ke saath different processes se ek type se doosri type me convert ho sakti hain.

Process kuch is tarah hota hai:

Magma
↓ cooling aur solidification
Igneous Rock
↓ weathering aur erosion
Sediments
↓ compaction aur cementation
Sedimentary Rock
↓ heat aur pressure
Metamorphic Rock

Is continuous process ko Rock Cycle kaha jata hai.

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2. Sedimentary Rocks (अवसादी चट्टानें)

Sedimentary rocks yani avsadi chattanen un rocks ko kaha jata hai jo dharti ki surface par jama hone wale sediments (ret, mitti, chhote pathar aur organic particles) se banti hain. Ye sediments samay ke saath pressure aur chemical processes ki wajah se solid rock me convert ho jate hain.

Dusre shabdon me, jab chhote-chhote rock particles ek jagah par deposit hote hain aur fir compaction aur cementation ke process se hard ho jate hain, tab sedimentary rocks ka formation hota hai.

Geology me ye rocks bahut important mani jati hain kyunki inme aksar fossils, coal, petroleum aur natural gas jaise resources milte hain.

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1. Sediments Kya Hote Hain?

Sediments wo chhote particles hote hain jo purani rocks ke weathering aur erosion se toot kar ban jate hain.

Ye particles alag-alag size ke ho sakte hain, jaise:

• Ret (sand)

• Mitti (clay)

• Chhote pathar (gravel)

• Organic remains (plants aur animals ke avshesh)

Ye sediments rivers, wind, glaciers aur ocean waves ke dwara ek jagah se dusri jagah tak transport hote hain.

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2. Sedimentary Rocks ka Origin (Formation Process)

Sedimentary rocks ka formation ek long process hai jo kai stages me hota hai.

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1. Weathering (Chattanon ka Tootna)

Sabse pehle existing rocks par weathering ka effect padta hai. Weathering ek natural process hai jisme rocks temperature change, water, wind aur biological activities ke karan dheere-dheere tootne lagti hain.

Is process se chhote-chhote rock particles yani sediments ban jate hain.

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2. Erosion aur Transportation

Weathering ke baad ye sediments apni original jagah par nahi rehte. Ye erosion ke through hat jate hain aur rivers, hawa ya glaciers ke dwara door tak le jaye jate hain.

Example:

• Rivers sediments ko plains tak le aati hain

• Wind desert areas me sediments transport karti hai

• Glaciers mountains se sediments neeche le aate hain

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3. Deposition (Sediments ka Jama Hona)

Jab transporting agents jaise river ya wind ki speed kam ho jati hai to sediments ek jagah par deposit hone lagte hain.

Ye deposition aksar in jagahon par hota hai:

• River basins

• Lakes

• Oceans

• Desert areas

Time ke saath sediments ki kai layers ban jati hain.

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4. Compaction

Jab sediments ki layers bahut zyada ho jati hain to upar wali layers ka pressure neeche wali layers par padta hai. Is pressure ki wajah se sediments tightly pack hone lagte hain.

Is process ko compaction kaha jata hai.

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5. Cementation

Compaction ke baad sediments ke beech minerals deposit hone lagte hain jo particles ko ek saath jod dete hain. Ye minerals natural glue ki tarah kaam karte hain.

Is process ko cementation kaha jata hai.

Compaction aur cementation ke baad sediments hard ho kar sedimentary rocks ban jate hain.

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3. Sedimentary Rocks ki Main Characteristics

Sedimentary rocks ki kuch khas properties hoti hain:

• Inme layers (strata) clearly dikhai deti hain

• Ye rocks comparatively soft hoti hain

• Inme aksar fossils milte hain

• Ye rocks mainly Earth ki surface par banti hain

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4. Sedimentary Rocks ke Examples

Kuch common sedimentary rocks ye hain:

• Sandstone – ret ke particles se bani hoti hai

• Limestone – calcium carbonate se bani hoti hai

• Shale – clay particles se banti hai

• Conglomerate – bade rounded particles se banti hai

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5. Sedimentary Rocks ka Importance

Sedimentary rocks ka geological aur economic importance bahut zyada hai.

1. Fossils ka Source

Ancient plants aur animals ke fossils mostly sedimentary rocks me hi milte hain.

2. Energy Resources

Coal, petroleum aur natural gas jaise resources bhi isi type ki rocks me milte hain.

3. Construction Material

Sandstone aur limestone construction me use kiye jate hain.

4. Soil Formation

In rocks ke weathering se fertile soil ka formation hota hai.

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3. Metamorphic Rocks (रूपांतरित चट्टानें)

Metamorphic rocks yani rupantarit chattanen wo rocks hoti hain jo pehle se maujood igneous ya sedimentary rocks ke badalne se banti hain. Jab in purani rocks par bahut zyada heat (temperature), pressure aur chemical reactions ka effect padta hai, to unka structure, texture aur mineral composition change ho jata hai. Isi process ko metamorphism kaha jata hai.

Simple words me bole to, jab existing rocks dharti ke andar ke high temperature aur pressure ki wajah se apni original form badal kar ek nayi rock me convert ho jati hain, tab metamorphic rocks ka formation hota hai.

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1. Metamorphism Kya Hota Hai?

Metamorphism ek geological process hai jisme rocks completely melt nahi hoti, balki solid state me hi unka structure aur mineral composition change ho jata hai.

Is process me rocks:

• Zyada hard ho jati hain

• Unka texture change ho jata hai

• Naye minerals develop ho jate hain

Isi transformation ke baad metamorphic rocks ka nirmaan hota hai.

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2. Metamorphic Rocks Ka Origin (Formation Process)

Metamorphic rocks ka formation mainly teen factors par depend karta hai.

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1. Heat (Temperature ka Effect)

Earth ke andar temperature bahut high hota hai. Jab existing rocks zyada depth me chali jati hain ya magma ke contact me aati hain to unka temperature badh jata hai.

Is heat ki wajah se rocks ke minerals rearrange ho jate hain aur rock ka structure change hone lagta hai.

Example:

• Limestone heat ke effect se marble me change ho jata hai.

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2. Pressure ka Effect

Earth ke andar rocks par bahut zyada pressure padta hai, khaaskar jab tectonic plates ek dusre se takrati hain.

High pressure ki wajah se rocks compress ho jati hain aur unka texture aur structure change ho jata hai.

Example:

• Shale pressure ke effect se slate me convert ho sakta hai.

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3. Chemical Reactions

Kabhi-kabhi underground fluids aur gases rocks ke minerals ke saath react karte hain. Is chemical reaction ki wajah se naye minerals form ho jate hain aur rock ka composition change ho jata hai.

Ye process bhi metamorphic rocks ke formation me important role play karta hai.

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3. Metamorphism ke Main Types

Metamorphic rocks ka formation alag-alag conditions me hota hai. Isliye metamorphism ke kuch main types hote hain.

1. Contact Metamorphism

Jab rocks magma ke contact me aakar heat ki wajah se change ho jati hain, to ise contact metamorphism kaha jata hai.

Isme mainly heat ka effect hota hai.

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2. Regional Metamorphism

Jab large area me rocks par heat aur pressure dono ka effect padta hai, to ise regional metamorphism kaha jata hai.

Ye process mostly mountain building regions me hota hai.

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4. Metamorphic Rocks ki Main Characteristics

Metamorphic rocks ki kuch khas properties hoti hain:

• Ye rocks bahut hard aur compact hoti hain

• Inka texture original rock se different ho jata hai

• Inme kabhi-kabhi banded pattern dikhai deta hai

• Fossils generally destroy ho jate hain

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5. Metamorphic Rocks ke Examples

Kuch common metamorphic rocks ye hain:

• Marble → Limestone se banti hai

• Slate → Shale se banti hai

• Quartzite → Sandstone se banti hai

• Gneiss → Granite se banti hai

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6. Metamorphic Rocks ka Importance

Metamorphic rocks ka geological aur economic importance kaafi zyada hai.

1. Construction Material

Marble aur slate jaise rocks building construction me use hote hain.

2. Decorative Stones

Marble aur quartzite decorative stones ke roop me bhi use kiye jate hain.

3. Geological Studies

Ye rocks Earth ki internal processes ko samajhne me help karti hain.

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Exam Point of View (Important Facts)

• Metamorphic rocks heat aur pressure ke effect se banti hain.

• Limestone → Marble

• Shale → Slate

• Sandstone → Quartzite

• Granite → Gneiss

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Rock Cycle (Rock Chakra)

Rock Cycle ek natural geological process hai jisme Earth ki rocks time ke saath ek type se doosri type me convert hoti rehti hain. Ye process continuously chalta rehta hai aur isme igneous, sedimentary aur metamorphic rocks ek doosre me transform hoti hain.

Rock cycle mainly weathering, erosion, heat, pressure, compaction aur melting jaise processes ke through hota hai.

Rock Cycle ka Basic Process

Magma
↓ cooling
Igneous Rock
↓ weathering aur erosion
Sediments
↓ compaction aur cementation
Sedimentary Rock
↓ heat aur pressure
Metamorphic Rock
↓ melting
Magma

Is tarah rocks baar-baar change hoti rehti hain aur isi continuous process ko rock cycle kaha jata hai.

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India Ki Geological Structure

India ki geological structure se matlab hai Bharat ki dharti ki andaruni rachna aur uska geological development. India ka geological history bahut purana hai aur iski age lagbhag 3.5 billion saal tak mani jati hai. Isi wajah se Bharat me alag-alag prakaar ki rocks, landforms aur geological features milte hain.

Geologists ne India ki geological structure ko samajhne ke liye ise kuch major regions me divide kiya hai. Ye regions alag-alag geological processes jaise plate tectonics, mountain building, sediment deposition aur volcanic activity ke karan bane hain.

Generally India ki geological structure ko 4 main parts me divide kiya jata hai.

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1. Peninsular Plateau (प्रायद्वीपीय पठार)

Peninsular Plateau India ka sabse purana aur stable landmass mana jata hai. Ye region bahut prachin crystalline rocks se bana hai jo karodon saal purani hain.

Main Characteristics

• Yahan ki rocks mainly igneous aur metamorphic hoti hain

• Ye area tectonic activity se relatively stable raha hai

• Is region me bahut saare mineral deposits milte hain

Important Geological Features

• Deccan Plateau volcanic lava se bana hai

• Yahan granite aur basalt rocks ka dominance hai

• Gondwana rock system bhi isi region me milta hai

Economic Importance

Peninsular Plateau India ke major minerals ka source hai, jaise:

• Iron ore

• Manganese

• Bauxite

• Gold

  
  
  

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2. Himalayan Region (हिमालयी क्षेत्र)

Himalayan region India ka young geological structure hai. Himalaya mountains ka formation mainly plate tectonic movement ke karan hua hai.

Scientific explanation ke according jab Indian Plate aur Eurasian Plate ek dusre se takraye, tab Himalaya ka upliftment hua.

Main Characteristics

• Ye world ki sabse young fold mountain range hai

• Yahan ki rocks mainly sedimentary origin ki hoti hain

• Region me earthquakes aur tectonic activity zyada hoti hai

Geological Importance

Himalayan region:

• Rivers ka source hai

• Climate ko influence karta hai

• Natural resources ka important area hai

  
  
  

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3. Indo-Gangetic Plains (इंडो-गंगा का मैदान)

Indo-Gangetic Plain Himalaya aur Peninsular Plateau ke beech me sthit ek vast alluvial plain hai.

Ye plains mainly rivers ke dwara laaye gaye sediments se bane hain.

Formation Process

Himalayan rivers jaise:

• Ganga

• Yamuna

• Brahmaputra

mountain regions se sediments lekar plains me deposit karti hain. Karodon saalon tak deposition hone se ye fertile plains develop hue.

Main Characteristics

• Soil bahut fertile hoti hai

• Ye area agriculture ke liye bahut important hai

• Yahan mostly alluvial deposits milte hain

  
  
  

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4. Coastal Plains aur Island Regions

India ke eastern aur western coasts par coastal plains develop hue hain. Ye regions mainly sedimentary deposits se bane hue hain.

Coastal Plains

India me do main coastal plains hain:

• Western Coastal Plain

• Eastern Coastal Plain

In areas me marine sediments aur river deposits milte hain.

Island Groups

India ke island regions bhi geological structure ka important part hain.

Important islands:

• Andaman and Nicobar Islands

• Lakshadweep Islands

Andaman-Nicobar islands volcanic origin ke hain, jabki Lakshadweep islands coral deposits se bane hain.

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Geological Evolution of India

India ki geological history ko samajhne ke liye plate tectonics theory bahut important hai.

Millions of years pehle India ek supercontinent Gondwana Land ka part tha. Baad me Indian Plate north direction me move karne lagi aur Eurasian Plate se takrakar Himalaya mountains ka formation hua.

Ye process abhi bhi chal raha hai, isi wajah se Himalayan region me earthquakes bhi aate rehte hain.

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India ki Geological Structure ka Importance

1. Natural Resources

India ke geological structure ke karan yahan kai valuable minerals milte hain.

Example:

• Coal

• Petroleum

• Iron ore

• Bauxite

2. Soil Formation

Different types ki rocks aur sediments soil formation ko influence karte hain.

3. Landforms Development

Mountains, plateaus aur plains ka formation geological processes se hota hai.

4. Agriculture aur Economy

Fertile plains aur mineral resources India ki economy me important role play karte hain.

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Important Facts (Exam Point of View)

• Peninsular Plateau → India ka sabse purana landmass

• Himalaya → Young fold mountains

• Indo-Gangetic Plain → Alluvial deposits se bana hai

• Deccan Plateau → Volcanic basalt rocks se bana hai

• India pehle Gondwana Land ka part tha

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Rocks Ka Importance

India ki rocks ka economic aur environmental dono hi terms me bahut bada importance hai.

1. Natural Resources

Coal, petroleum aur natural gas jaise resources sedimentary rocks se milte hain.

2. Construction Material

Granite, marble aur sandstone jaise rocks building construction me use kiye jate hain.

3. Mineral Deposits

Iron, copper aur gold jaise minerals bhi rocks me milte hain.

4. Soil Formation

Rocks ke weathering process se hi soil ka formation hota hai.

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Interesting Facts About Indian Rocks

• Deccan Plateau volcanic lava flows se bana hua hai.

• Himalaya ki rocks comparatively young mani jati hain.

• India me kuch rocks lagbhag 3.5 billion years purani bhi hain.

• Rajasthan marble production ke liye famous hai.

• India ke coal deposits mainly Gondwana rock system me milte hain.

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Exam Point of View (Important Facts)

• Granite → Igneous Rock

• Basalt → Deccan Trap region

• Limestone → Sedimentary Rock

• Marble → Metamorphic Rock

• Gondwana Rocks → Coal deposits

नीचे Igneous, Sedimentary aur Metamorphic Rocks ka clear aur easy table format diya gaya hai. Ye copyright-free hai aur aap ise blog/website ya notes me directly use kar sakte hain.

Feature / Point	Igneous Rocks (अग्निज चट्टान)	Sedimentary Rocks (अवसादी चट्टान)	Metamorphic Rocks (रूपांतरित चट्टान)
Formation (कैसे बनती हैं)	Magma ya lava ke thanda hone se banti hain	Sediments (ret, mitti, pathar ke tukde) ke jama hone aur pressure se banti hain	Igneous ya sedimentary rocks par heat aur pressure padne se banti hain
Origin	Volcanic activity se	Weathering, erosion aur deposition se	Metamorphism (heat aur pressure) se
Structure	Hard aur crystalline	Layered structure hota hai	Hard aur compact structure
Fossils	Fossils nahi milte	Fossils aksar milte hain	Fossils usually destroy ho jate hain
Hardness	Bahut hard hoti hain	Comparatively soft hoti hain	Bahut strong aur dense hoti hain
Examples	Granite, Basalt, Gabbro	Sandstone, Limestone, Shale	Marble, Slate, Quartzite
India Me Distribution	Deccan Plateau, Maharashtra, Gujarat	Indo-Gangetic Plains, Rajasthan	Himalayan Region, Rajasthan
Special Feature	Primary rocks bhi kaha jata hai	Secondary rocks bhi kaha jata hai	Tertiary rocks bhi kaha jata hai

✅ Short Trick (Exam ke liye):

• Granite → Igneous

• Limestone → Sedimentary

• Marble → Metamorphic

S.No	Geological Division	Hindi Name	Main Features	Important Areas / Examples
1	Peninsular Plateau	Praydveepiya Pathar	India ka sabse purana aur stable landmass hai. Ye mainly igneous aur metamorphic rocks se bana hai.	Deccan Plateau, Chotanagpur Plateau
2	Himalayan Region	Himalayi Kshetra	Ye duniya ki sabse young mountain range hai jo tectonic plates ke collision se bani hai.	Himadri, Himachal, Shiwalik ranges
3	Indo-Gangetic Plains	Indo-Ganga ka Maidan	Ye bahut fertile plains hain jo rivers ke dwara laaye gaye sediments se bane hain.	Ganga Plain, Brahmaputra Plain, Punjab Plain
4	Coastal Plains & Islands	Tatiya Maidan aur Dweep Kshetra	Ye samundar ke kinare wale plains aur islands hain jo marine deposits aur coral se bane hain.	Western Coastal Plain, Eastern Coastal Plain, Andaman-Nicobar, Lakshadweep

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Conclusion

Indian rocks Bharat ki geological history ko samajhne ke liye bahut important hain. Igneous, sedimentary aur metamorphic rocks milkar Earth ke rock cycle ko maintain karti hain. India me har type ki rocks paayi jane ki wajah se yah geological diversity ka ek achha example hai. In rocks ka use natural resources, construction aur soil formation jaise kai important processes me hota hai.

नीचे Indian Rocks topic के लिए SEO-friendly FAQ (copyright-free, Hinglish) दिए गए हैं। ये आप अपनी blog/website में सीधे use कर सकते हैं।

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Indian Rocks – FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. Indian Rocks kya hoti hain?

Indian rocks se matlab Bharat ki dharti par paayi jane wali vibhinna prakaar ki chattanon se hai. Ye rocks Earth ki crust ka main hissa hoti hain aur minerals ke combination se bani hoti hain.

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2. India me rocks ke kitne main types hote hain?

India me rocks ko mainly 3 main categories me divide kiya jata hai:

1. Igneous Rocks (Agnij Chattan)

2. Sedimentary Rocks (Avsadi Chattan)

3. Metamorphic Rocks (Rupantarit Chattan)

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3. Igneous rocks kya hoti hain?

Igneous rocks magma ya lava ke thanda hokar solid banne se banti hain. Ye Earth ki sabse purani rocks mani jati hain.

Example:
Granite, Basalt

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4. Sedimentary rocks kaise banti hain?

Sedimentary rocks chhote rock particles yani sediments ke ek jagah jama hone aur fir pressure se hard hone par banti hain. In rocks me aksar fossils milte hain.

Example:
Sandstone, Limestone

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5. Metamorphic rocks kya hoti hain?

Jab igneous ya sedimentary rocks par high temperature aur pressure ka effect padta hai to unka structure change ho jata hai aur metamorphic rocks ban jati hain.

Example:
Marble, Slate, Quartzite

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6. India me sabse purani rocks kaha milti hain?

India ki sabse purani rocks Peninsular Plateau region me milti hain. Ye rocks bahut prachin igneous aur metamorphic origin ki hoti hain.

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7. Deccan Plateau kis type ki rock se bana hai?

Deccan Plateau mainly basalt lava flows se bana hai. Ye ek famous volcanic region mana jata hai.

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8. Sedimentary rocks me fossils kyon milte hain?

Sedimentary rocks sediments ke layers me banti hain. Jab plants aur animals ke remains sediments ke andar preserve ho jate hain to fossils ban jate hain.

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9. Rocks ka importance kya hai?

Rocks ka bahut important role hota hai:

• Mineral resources ka source

• Construction material

• Soil formation

• Geological history ko samajhne me help

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10. Rock cycle kya hota hai?

Rock cycle ek natural process hai jisme rocks time ke saath igneous, sedimentary aur metamorphic forms me change hoti rehti hain.