Bharat me Forests ka Vargikaran (Classification of Forests in India)
Bharat ek bahut hi biodiversity rich country hai jahan alag-alag climate, rainfall aur geographical conditions ke karan kai prakar ke forests milte hain. In forests ka nature aur vegetation alag-alag hota hai. Isi wajah se India me forests ko unki climate condition, rainfall aur location ke basis par alag-alag categories me divide kiya jata hai.
Generally, Bharat ki natural vegetation ko 5 main types ke forests me classify kiya jata hai. Ye classification geography aur environment studies me kaafi important mana jata hai aur UPSC, SSC aur other competitive exams me bhi frequently pucha jata hai.
1. Tropical Evergreen Forests (Ushnkatibandhiya Sadabahar Van) 🌳
Tropical evergreen forests un areas me milte hain jahan bahut zyada rainfall aur humidity hoti hai. Yahan ka climate garam aur nam hota hai. In forests ki sabse khas baat ye hai ki yahan ke ped poore saal hare-bhare rehte hain aur ek saath patte nahi giraate.
Tropical Evergreen Forests un regions me paaye jate hain jahan climate warm aur humid hota hai aur saal bhar bahut zyada rainfall hoti hai. Ye forests mainly Western Ghats ke western slopes, North-East India ke pahadi areas, aur Andaman–Nicobar Islands me milte hain.
In regions me aam taur par annual rainfall 200 cm se adhik hoti hai aur average temperature 22°C se zyada rehta hai. In climatic conditions ki wajah se vegetation bahut dense aur diverse hoti hai.
Evergreen forests ka structure multi-layered hota hai. Sabse neeche ground ke paas shrubs, bushes aur creepers hote hain. Unke upar medium height ke ped milte hain aur sabse upar bahut lambe aur ghane ped hote hain. Kai ped 50–60 meter ya usse bhi zyada height tak pahunch sakte hain.
In forests ki ek khas baat ye hai ki yahan ped ek saath patte nahi giraate. Patte girne, phool aane aur phal lagne ka koi fixed season nahi hota. Isi wajah se ye forests poore saal hamesha hare-bhare dikhte hain.
Yahan milne wale kuch important trees hain:
Ye ped hardwood category me aate hain aur economic point of view se bhi kaafi valuable hote hain.
Semi-Evergreen Forests
Semi-Evergreen Forests un areas me paaye jate hain jahan rainfall evergreen forests se thodi kam hoti hai, lekin climate abhi bhi humid rehta hai. Ye forests aam taur par evergreen forest regions ke comparatively less rainy parts me develop hote hain.
In forests me evergreen trees aur moist deciduous trees ka mixture milta hai. Isliye inka structure evergreen aur deciduous forests ke beech ka hota hai.
Yahan ground level par climbers aur creepers ki growth zyada hoti hai, jo forest ko hamesha hara-bhara appearance dene me madad karti hai.
Semi-evergreen forests me milne wali kuch important species hain:
-
White Cedar
-
Hollock
-
Kail
✅ Short Summary:
Tropical evergreen forests me rainfall zyada hoti hai aur ped saal bhar hare rehte hain, jabki semi-evergreen forests me rainfall thodi kam hoti hai aur yahan evergreen aur deciduous trees ka mix milta hai.
Main Features
Annual rainfall: 200 cm se adhik
Temperature: 25°C se 27°C ke aas-paas
Forest bahut dense aur multi-layered hota hai
Trees ki height 50–60 meter tak ho sakti hai
Major Regions
Western Ghats
North-East India
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Indian Rocks (भारत की चट्टानें) – Types, Formation aur Distribution | Complete Guide
2. Tropical Deciduous Forests (Ushnkatibandhiya Parnpati Van) 🍃
Bharat ek tropical desh hai kyunki yah Kark Rekha (Tropic of Cancer) aur Makar Rekha (Tropic of Capricorn) ke beech ke area me sthit hai. Isi wajah se yahan kai prakar ki prakritik vanaspati milti hai. Inme se Tropical Deciduous Forests (Ushnkatibandhiya Parnpati Van) sabse adhik paaye jaane wale van hain.
India me milne wali 5 pramukh prakritik vanaspatiyon me se ek ye van prakar hai. In forests ki sabse badi khasiyat ye hai ki yahaan ke ped sukhe mausam me apne patte gira dete hain taaki paani ki kami me bhi jeevit reh saken.
Bharat me Tropical Deciduous Forests ka Mahatva
India ke kul forest cover ka lagbhag 65.6% hissa tropical deciduous forests ka hai. Isliye ise Bharat ka sabse widespread forest type bhi kaha jata hai. Ye forests ecological balance banaye rakhne, wildlife ko habitat dene aur climate ko regulate karne me important role nibhate hain.
Varsha ke Aadhar par Vargikaran
Rainfall yani varsha ki matra ke aadhar par India ke tropical deciduous forests ko do mukhya categories me baanta jata hai:
1️⃣ Moist Deciduous Forests (Nam Parnpati Van)
Ye forests un areas me milte hain jahan 100–200 cm tak rainfall hoti hai.
In areas me ped zyada ghane aur lambe hote hain.
Teak, sal, bamboo jaise ped aam taur par yahan milte hain.
2️⃣ Dry Deciduous Forests (Shushk Parnpati Van)
Ye forests un regions me paaye jate hain jahan 70–100 cm ke aas-paas rainfall hoti hai.
Yahan ke ped moist forests ke mukable kam ghane hote hain aur sukhe mausam me patte jaldi gira dete hain.
Main Features
Rainfall: 70–100 cm
Trees dry season me patte gira dete hain
Forest density evergreen forests se kam hoti hai
Major Regions
Uttar Pradesh
Chhattisgarh
Jharkhand
Odisha
Maharashtra
Important Trees
Sal, Teak (Sagwan), Sheesham, Bamboo, Sandalwood.
Tropical Evergreen aur Tropical Deciduous Forests ke Beech Antar (Difference)
Tropical Evergreen Forests aur Tropical Deciduous Forests geography ka ek bahut important topic hai, khas kar UPSC aur other competitive exams ke liye. Ye dono forest types Indian subcontinent me bade area me paaye jate hain aur biodiversity ko banaye rakhne me important role nibhate hain.
Is section me hum evergreen aur deciduous forests ki main characteristics aur unke beech ka difference simple Hinglish me samjhenge.
Tropical Evergreen Forests ki Main Features
Tropical evergreen forests un areas me milte hain jahan 200 cm se zyada annual rainfall hoti hai.
In areas ka average temperature lagbhag 25°C se 27°C ke beech hota hai.
Yahan ki relative humidity 75–80% ke aas-paas hoti hai.
In forests ke ped saal bhar hare-bhare rehte hain aur apne patte ek saath nahi giraate.
Ye forests bahut ghane aur dense hote hain aur inme sunlight neeche tak kam pahunchti hai.
Tropical Deciduous Forests ki Main Features
Tropical deciduous forests un regions me paaye jate hain jahan 70 cm se 200 cm tak rainfall hoti hai.
Ye forests Bharat me sabse zyada area me milte hain.
Dry season me yahan ke ped paani bachane ke liye patte gira dete hain.
In forests ke ped aam taur par broad leaves aur wide branches wale hote hain.
Inhe Monsoon Forests bhi kaha jata hai.
Important tree species:
Sal
Teak (Sagwan)
Sandalwood
Mahua
Semal
Amla
Tropical Evergreen aur Tropical Deciduous Forests ke Beech Difference
| Tropical Evergreen Forests | Tropical Deciduous Forests |
|---|---|
| Ye forests bahut dense aur ghane hote hain. | Ye forests evergreen forests ke mukable kam dense hote hain. |
| Ye areas me milte hain jahan 200 cm se adhik rainfall hoti hai. | Ye areas me milte hain jahan 70–200 cm rainfall hoti hai. |
| Ped saal bhar patte nahi giraate aur hamesha hare rehte hain. | Ped dry season me patte gira dete hain. |
| Ye forests mainly Western Ghats, North-East India aur Andaman Nicobar me milte hain. | Ye forests mainly Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh jaise states me milte hain. |
| Important trees: Mahogany, Ebony, Rosewood | Important trees: Sal, Teak, Sandalwood |
✅ Short Conclusion:
Tropical evergreen forests zyada rainfall aur humidity wale regions me milte hain aur hamesha hare rehte hain, jabki tropical deciduous forests me dry season me ped patte gira dete hain aur ye Bharat me sabse adhik area cover karte hain.
3. Tropical Thorn Forests (Kantadar Van aur Jhadiyan) 🌵
Tropical Thorn Forests un regions me milte hain jahan bahut kam rainfall hoti hai, aam taur par 50 cm se bhi kam. Aise areas ka climate zyada dry aur semi-arid hota hai, isliye yahan ki vegetation bhi usi ke according adapt ho jati hai.
India me ye forests mainly South-West Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh aur Uttar Pradesh ke kuch hisson me paaye jate hain. Ye areas generally semi-arid climate zone me aate hain.
In forests ki ek khas baat ye hai ki yahan ke plants saal ke zyada samay tak patte ke bina (leafless) rehte hain. Ye adaptation pani ki kami se bachne ke liye hota hai. Isi wajah se ye forests aksar scrub vegetation jaise dikhai dete hain, jahan chhote ped aur jhadiyan zyada hoti hain.
Major Plant Species
Tropical thorn forests me kai prakar ke drought-resistant plants milte hain, jaise:
Babool
Ber
Wild Date Palm
Khair
Neem
Palash
Ye plants kam pani me bhi survive karne ki capacity rakhte hain.
Grass Vegetation
In forests ke ground level par tussocky grass bhi ugti hai jo lagbhag 2 meter tak height tak pahunch sakti hai. Ye grassland jaisi vegetation forest ke niche wale layer ko cover karti hai.
✅ Short Summary:
Tropical thorn forests kam rainfall aur dry climate wale regions me milte hain. Yahan ki vegetation me thorny shrubs, drought resistant trees aur tall grasses paayi jati hain.
Main Features
Rainfall: 50–70 cm ke aas-paas
Plants me kaante aur chhoti leaves hoti hain
Water conservation ke liye special adaptation hota hai
Major Regions
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Haryana
Punjab ke kuch parts
Deccan Plateau ke dry areas
Important Plants
Babool, Khejri, Cactus, Khair.
Jangadna Kya Hoti Hai? (What is Census?)
4. Montane Forests (Pahadi Van) 🏔️
Mountain regions me altitude badhne ke saath temperature dheere-dheere kam hota jata hai. Isi wajah se pahadi areas me natural vegetation bhi altitude ke hisaab se change hoti rehti hai. India ke mountain forests ko generally do main types me divide kiya jata hai:
Northern Mountain Forests (Himalayan Forests)
Southern Mountain Forests (Peninsular Mountain Forests)
.png "Montane Forests (Pahadi Van) 🏔️ Mountain regions me altitude badhne ke saath temperature dheere-dheere kam hota jata hai. Isi wajah se pahadi areas me natural vegetation bhi altitude ke hisaab se change hoti rehti hai. India ke mountain forests ko generally do main types me divide kiya jata hai:")
.png "Montane Forests (Pahadi Van) 🏔️ Mountain regions me altitude badhne ke saath temperature dheere-dheere kam hota jata hai. Isi wajah se pahadi areas me natural vegetation bhi altitude ke hisaab se change hoti rehti hai. India ke mountain forests ko generally do main types me divide kiya jata hai:")
1. Northern Mountain Forests (Himalayan Forests)
Himalaya region me vegetation ka pattern altitude ke saath gradually change hota hai. Yahan tropical forests se lekar tundra vegetation tak alag-alag forest types milte hain.
Foothill Areas
Himalaya ki talhati (foothills) me mainly deciduous forests milte hain.
1000–2000 Meter Altitude
Is height par wet temperate forests develop hote hain. North-East India, West Bengal ke hilly areas aur Uttarakhand me broad-leaf evergreen trees jaise oak aur chestnut zyada milte hain.
1500–1750 Meter Altitude
Is zone me pine forests ka development hota hai. Yahan Chir Pine ek important commercial tree mana jata hai.
Western Himalayas
Western Himalaya me Deodar tree bahut famous aur valuable species hai. Iski wood strong aur durable hoti hai, isliye iska use construction work me zyada hota hai.
Isi region me Chinar aur Walnut jaise trees bhi milte hain, jo Kashmir ke famous handicrafts ke liye important raw material provide karte hain.
2200–3000 Meter Altitude
Is height par Blue Pine aur Spruce jaise coniferous trees milte hain. Kai jagah par temperate grasslands bhi develop ho jate hain.
3000–4000 Meter Altitude
Is zone me vegetation gradually alpine forests aur alpine pastures me convert ho jati hai. Yahan milne wale main plants hain:
Silver Fir
Juniper
Pine
Birch
Ye alpine pastures seasonal grazing (transhumance) ke liye use kiye jate hain. Gujjar, Bakarwal, Bhotia aur Gaddi jaise tribal communities apne animals ko yahan charane ke liye le aate hain.
Himalaya ke south-facing slopes par vegetation zyada dense hoti hai kyunki wahan rainfall comparatively zyada hoti hai. Jabki north-facing slopes comparatively dry hote hain.
Sabse upar ke regions me mosses aur lichens milte hain, jo tundra vegetation ka part hote hain.
2. Southern Mountain Forests (Peninsular Mountain Forests)
Southern mountain forests India ke peninsular plateau ke pahadi areas me paaye jate hain. Ye mainly teen regions me milte hain:
Western Ghats
Vindhya Range
Nilgiri Hills
Kyuki ye mountains tropics ke kaafi paas hain aur unki height lagbhag 1500 meter ke aas-paas hoti hai, isliye yahan vegetation ka nature thoda alag hota hai.
Vegetation Pattern
Lower slopes par subtropical forests milte hain
Higher regions me temperate forests develop ho jate hain
Western Ghats ke states jaise Kerala, Tamil Nadu aur Karnataka me ye forests zyada milte hain.
Shola Forests
Nilgiri, Anaimalai aur Palani hills me milne wale temperate forests ko Shola Forests kaha jata hai. Ye forests biodiversity ke liye kaafi important hote hain.
Important Trees
In forests me kai economically important trees milte hain:
Magnolia
Laurel
Cinchona
Wattle
Aise forests Satpura aur Maikal ranges me bhi kuch areas me milte hain.
✅ Short Conclusion:
Mountain forests me vegetation altitude aur climate ke according change hoti hai. Himalaya me tropical se lekar alpine aur tundra vegetation tak ka sequence milta hai, jabki peninsular mountains me subtropical aur temperate forests develop hote hain.
Main Features
Ye forests different altitude levels par change hote hain
Thande climate me coniferous trees zyada milte hain
Major Regions
Himalayan region
Important Trees
Pine, Deodar, Fir, Spruce, Oak.
5. Mangrove Forests (Mangrove Van) 🌿🌊
India me wetlands (jal-sthal kshetra) ki bahut badi variety milti hai. Ye ecosystems biodiversity ke liye bahut important hote hain. Bharat ke wetlands ka lagbhag 70% hissa paddy (dhaan) cultivation se related areas ka hai. India me wetlands ka total area lagbhag 3.9 million hectares ke aas-paas mana jata hai.
Kuch wetlands international level par bhi kaafi important maane jate hain. Isi wajah se Odisha ki Chilika Lake aur Rajasthan ke Bharatpur me Keoladeo National Park ko water birds ke habitat ke roop me protect kiya gaya hai. In sites ko Ramsar Convention ke under international importance ke wetland sites ke roop me recognise kiya gaya hai.
Ramsar Convention ek international agreement hai jisme United Nations ke member countries wetlands ki protection aur conservation ke liye milkar kaam karte hain.
India ke Wetlands ke Prakar
India me wetlands ko unki location aur physical characteristics ke basis par mainly 8 categories me divide kiya gaya hai.
1. Deccan Plateau Wetlands
South India ke Deccan Plateau me milne wale reservoirs aur south-west coast ke lagoons aur wetlands is category me aate hain.
2. Saline Wetlands
Rajasthan aur Gujarat ke kuch regions me bahut bade saline (namkeen) wetland areas milte hain. Gulf of Kachchh bhi is category ka ek important region hai.
3. Freshwater Lakes aur Reservoirs
Gujarat se lekar Rajasthan aur Madhya Pradesh tak kai freshwater lakes aur reservoirs milte hain. Bharatpur ka Keoladeo National Park bhi isi group me aata hai.
4. East Coast Delta Wetlands
India ke east coast par river deltas aur lagoons milte hain. Odisha ki Chilika Lake iska ek famous example hai.
5. Gangetic Plain Marshes
Ganga ke maidan me kai freshwater marshes aur wetlands paaye jate hain jo ecological balance ke liye important hain.
6. Brahmaputra Floodplains
Brahmaputra river ke floodplain areas aur North-East India ke hill regions me marshes aur swamps milte hain. Himalayan foothills me bhi wetlands paaye jate hain.
7. Kashmir aur Ladakh ke Mountain Wetlands
Kashmir aur Ladakh ke pahadi areas me lakes aur rivers ke aas-paas bhi wetlands develop hote hain.
8. Andaman–Nicobar Islands Wetlands
Andaman aur Nicobar Islands me mangrove forests aur coastal wetlands milte hain jo biodiversity ke liye bahut important hain.
Mangrove Forests in India
Mangrove forests coastal areas me paaye jate hain jahan khara pani (saline water) hota hai. Ye forests aise plants se bane hote hain jo salt tolerant hote hain aur namkeen pani me bhi survive kar sakte hain.
Mangrove areas me aam taur par creeks, tidal water flow aur stagnant water channels hote hain. Ye ecosystems kai prakar ke birds, fishes aur aquatic animals ko shelter provide karte hain.
India me mangrove forests ka total area lagbhag 6,740 square kilometer hai, jo duniya ke total mangrove forests ka lagbhag 7% hai.
Major Mangrove Regions in India
Mangrove forests mainly in areas me zyada developed hain:
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
West Bengal ka Sundarbans region
Mahanadi Delta
Godavari Delta
Krishna Delta
Mangrove Forests ki Samasya aur Conservation
Aaj ke time me mangrove forests par human activities ka pressure badh raha hai. Coastal development, agriculture aur settlement expansion ke karan kai mangrove areas par encroachment ho raha hai.
Isliye in ecosystems ko bachane ke liye proper conservation aur protection measures bahut zaroori hain.
✅ Short Conclusion:
India me wetlands aur mangrove forests biodiversity, water balance aur wildlife habitat ke liye bahut important hain. Inka protection environment aur sustainable development ke liye zaroori hai.
Main Features
Trees ki special breathing roots (pneumatophores) hoti hain
Ye forests coastal areas ko erosion se bachate hain
Major Regions
Sundarbans Delta
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Mahanadi, Godavari aur Krishna river deltas
Important Trees
Sundari, Keora, Coconut.
| Forest Type | Rainfall | Major Areas (India) | Important Trees / Plants | Key Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tropical Evergreen Forest (Ushnkatibandhiya Sadabahar Van) | 200 cm se adhik | Western Ghats, North-East India, Andaman & Nicobar Islands | Rosewood, Ebony, Mahogany, Bamboo | Bahut dense forest hote hain, saal bhar hara bhara rehta hai, trees apni leaves ek saath nahi girate |
| Tropical Deciduous Forest (Patanpati Van / Monsoon Forest) | 70–200 cm | Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh | Teak (Sagwan), Sal, Neem, Bamboo | India ka sabse bada forest type, dry season me ped patte gira dete hain |
| Tropical Thorn Forest (Kantila Van) | 50 cm se kam | Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana | Babool, Khejri, Ber, Khair, Date Palm | Plants chhote aur kaantedar hote hain, leaves bahut chhoti hoti hain water loss kam karne ke liye |
| Montane Forest (Pahadi Van) | Altitude par depend | Himalayas, Western Ghats, Nilgiri Hills | Pine, Deodar, Oak, Fir, Rhododendron | Height badhne par vegetation change hoti hai, niche tropical aur upar alpine vegetation |
| Mangrove Forest (Tidal / Littoral Forest) | Coastal tidal areas | Sundarbans (West Bengal), Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna Delta, Andaman Nicobar | Sundari, Coconut, Palm, Mangrove plants | Salt tolerant plants, samundri tidal water me grow karte hain |
| Semi-Evergreen Forest | 150–200 cm | Western Ghats, North-East India | Hollock, White Cedar, Kail | Evergreen aur Deciduous trees ka mixture hota hai |
Conclusion
Bharat me forests ka vargikaran mainly climate, rainfall aur geographical conditions ke basis par kiya jata hai. India me paaye jaane wale 5 main forest types hain:
Tropical Evergreen Forests
Tropical Deciduous Forests
Tropical Thorn Forests
Ye forests environmental balance maintain karne, wildlife ko habitat dene aur climate regulation me bahut important role play karte hain.
Geographical indication (GI) Tag: क्षेत्रीय ब्रांड मूल्य को बढ़ावा
FAQ – Classification of Forests in India
1. Bharat me natural vegetation ka kya arth hai?
Natural vegetation ka matlab hai wo plants aur trees jo naturally grow hote hain bina human interference ke. Isme forests, grasses aur shrubs shamil hote hain.
2. Bharat me forests ka classification kis basis par kiya jata hai?
India me forests ka classification mainly rainfall, temperature, soil type aur altitude ke basis par kiya jata hai.
3. India me natural vegetation ke main types kaun-kaun se hain?
India me natural vegetation ke major types hain:
Tropical Evergreen Forest
Tropical Deciduous Forest
Tropical Thorn Forest
Montane Forest
Mangrove Forest
4. Tropical Evergreen Forests ki main khasiyat kya hai?
Tropical evergreen forests bahut dense aur multi-layered hote hain. Inme trees saal bhar green rehte hain aur ek saath leaves shed nahi karte.
5. Tropical Evergreen forests ke liye ideal climate kya hota hai?
In forests ke liye:
Rainfall: 200 cm se adhik
Temperature: 25–27°C ke aas paas
High humidity conditions zaruri hoti hain.
6. India me evergreen forests kaha milte hain?
Yeh forests mainly milte hain:
Western Ghats
North-Eastern States
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
7. Evergreen forests me kaun-kaun se important trees milte hain?
In forests me common trees hain:
Rosewood
Ebony
Mahogany
Bamboo
Rubber tree
8. Tropical Deciduous forests ko Monsoon forests kyu kaha jata hai?
Kyoki inka growth monsoon rainfall par depend karta hai aur dry season me trees apne leaves shed kar dete hain.
9. India me sabse jyada area kis forest type ka hai?
India me Tropical Deciduous Forests sabse bade area me paye jate hain.
10. Deciduous forests ke major trees kaun se hote hain?
Important trees hain:
Teak (Sagwan)
Sal
Neem
Bamboo
Peepal
11. Thorn forests kis climate me develop hote hain?
Thorn forests semi-arid aur arid regions me develop hote hain jahan rainfall 50 cm se kam hoti hai.
12. Thorn forests ki plants me kya adaptation hoti hai?
In plants me:
Leaves chhoti hoti hain
Thorns present hote hain
Roots deep hoti hain water absorb karne ke liye
13. India me thorn forests kaha milte hain?
Yeh forests mainly milte hain:
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Punjab
Haryana
Western Madhya Pradesh
14. Montane forests kya hote hain?
Montane forests pahadi areas me altitude ke according change hone wale forests hote hain.
15. Himalayas me vegetation kaise change hoti hai?
Altitude ke saath vegetation pattern change hota hai:
Foothills → Deciduous forests
Middle altitude → Temperate forests
Higher altitude → Coniferous forests
Highest altitude → Alpine vegetation
16. Montane forests me kaun se commercial trees milte hain?
Important trees hain:
Pine
Deodar
Fir
Oak
Spruce
17. Mangrove forests kya hote hain?
Mangrove forests coastal tidal areas me grow hone wale salt-tolerant forests hote hain.
18. India me mangrove forests kaha milte hain?
Major mangrove regions:
Sundarbans (West Bengal)
Mahanadi Delta
Godavari Delta
Krishna Delta
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
19. Mangrove forests ka ecological importance kya hai?
Mangroves:
Coastal erosion rokne me help karte hain
Cyclones se protection dete hain
Marine biodiversity ko support karte hain
20. Forests ka India ke environment me kya role hai?
Forests:
Climate regulation karte hain
Oxygen produce karte hain
Soil erosion ko rokne me help karte hain
Wildlife habitat provide karte hain
21. Forest conservation India ke liye kyu important hai?
Forest conservation se:
Biodiversity protect hoti hai
Climate change control hota hai
Water resources safe rehte hain
22. India me forest protection ke liye kaun-kaun se efforts kiye gaye hain?
India me forest protection ke liye:
National Forest Policy
Wildlife Protection Act
National Parks & Biosphere Reserves
jaise steps liye gaye hain.
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