Electoral bonds ki kahani Bharat mein ek innovative aur controversial mudde par focus karti hai. Electoral bonds ek financial instrument hai jo political donations ko transparent banane ke liye introduce kiya gaya tha.
Electoral bonds ka idea pehli baar Arun Jaitley, jo us waqt Finance Minister the, unhone 2017 ke Union Budget mein propose kiya tha. Unka kehna tha ki yeh step political funding mein transparency laye ga aur black money ko roke ga. iss prakar Yeh scheme pehli baar 2018 mein Narendra Modi government dwara launch ki gayi thi.
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👉the indus valley civilization👈
Electoral Bonds Kya Hai?
Electoral bonds ko Indian citizens aur companies buy kar sakte hain aur unhe registered political parties ko donate kar sakte hain. Yeh bonds specific denominations mein State Bank of India (SBI) se milte hain aur yeh kewal 15 dinon ke liye valid hote hain. Donor ko yeh bond kharidte waqt apna naam disclose nahi karna padta, jo ki ek major point of controversy hai.
Scheme Ka view
Government ka kehna tha ki electoral bonds ka view political funding ko transparent banana hai aur cash donations ki wajah se hone wale black money ko rokna hai. Is scheme ke tehat, parties ko kewal white money mil sakti hai, jo banks ke through traceable hoti hai.
Electoral Bonds Ka Implementation
1. **Bonds Ki Availability:** SBI har saal fixed windows mein electoral bonds release karti hai, jo har quarter mein 10 din ke liye available hote hain. Election ke time yeh window extend bhi ki ja sakti hai.
2. **Purchase Process:** Donors apne account se SBI ke authorized branches se bonds kharid sakte hain. Unhe apna KYC details provide karna hota hai, aur payment sirf cheque, DD, electronic transfer, ya SBI ke account se hi ki ja sakti hai.
3. **Deposit Process:** Registered political parties, jo pichle election mein 1% ya usse zyada votes secure karti hain, apne verified account mein yeh bonds deposit kar sakti hain. Parties ko 15 din ke andar in bonds ko cash karana hota hai.
Impact on Political Funding
1. **Increase in Corporate Donations:** Scheme launch hone ke baad, corporate donations mein significant increase dekha gaya. Companies ko apne profits ka 7.5% se zyada bhi donate karne ki permission mil gayi thi, jo pehle restricted thi. Is wajah se political parties ko large sums receive hue.
2. **Shift in Donation Patterns:** Cash donations reduce hone ke karan, political donations ke patterns mein shift dekha gaya. Badi political parties, specially ruling party ko zyada funds receive hue, jo critics ke allegations ko support karta hai.
3. **Impact on Smaller Parties:** Chhoti political parties aur regional parties ke funding mein decline dekha gaya kyunki unhe electoral bonds ke through kam donations milte hain. Yeh ek concern hai kyunki political competition aur democracy ke liye diversity zaroori hai.
Key Issues Raised by Various Stakeholders
1. **Lack of Transparency:** Electoral bonds ki anonymity ne public aur regulatory bodies ke liye transparency ko compromise kar diya hai. Election Commission aur NGOs ne is par objections raise kiye hain.
2. **Policy Manipulation:** Corporates ka ruling party ko donate karna policy manipulation aur crony capitalism ko badhava de sakta hai. Yeh democracy aur fair political competition ke liye harmful ho sakta hai.
3. **Foreign Influence:** FCRA amendments ke baad foreign companies bhi indirectly Indian elections ko fund kar sakti hain, jo national security ke liye ek serious threat ho sakta hai.
Court Cases and Legal Battles
1. **Supreme Court Intervention:** Supreme Court ne multiple petitions par hearings conduct ki hain jahan petitioners ne scheme ko unconstitutional aur against public interest bataya hai. Supreme Court ne parties ko interim orders diye hain jisme transparency ko ensure karne ke steps bataye gaye hain, lekin final verdict abhi bhi pending hai.
2. **Election Commission's Stand:** Election Commission ne Supreme Court ke samaksh apna stand rakhte hue scheme ko oppose kiya hai aur iski transparency aur fairness par sawal uthaye hain.
3. **RBI's Objections:** Reserve Bank of India ne bhi apne objections raise kiye hain, jisme unhone money laundering aur financial integrity ke risks ko highlight kiya hai.
Public Opinion and Media Coverage
1. **Media Reactions:** Media coverage mixed raha hai. Kuch media outlets ne scheme ko political funding ko clean aur accountable banane wala step kaha hai, jabki doosre outlets ne iski anonymity aur bias ko criticize kiya hai.
2. **Public Sentiment:** Public sentiment bhi divided hai. Kuch log government ke narrative ko support karte hain, jabki doosre log scheme ko political corruption aur opacity badhane wala step maante hain.
Potential Reforms and Suggestions
1. **Increased Transparency:** Critics aur stakeholders ne suggest kiya hai ki donors ke names aur amounts disclose hone chahiye, taaki public aur regulatory bodies ko transparency ensure ki ja sake.
2. **Capping Donations:** Donations par cap lagana chahiye, taaki ek particular party ko disproportionate advantage na mile aur fair competition bani rahe.
3. **Stricter Regulations:** Foreign funding aur corporate donations ko strictly regulate karna chahiye, taaki policy manipulation aur crony capitalism ko roka ja sake.
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Conclusion
Electoral bonds ki kahani ek complex aur multi-dimensional issue ko highlight karti hai jo political funding, transparency, aur democracy ke basic principles ko touch karti hai. Jab tak Supreme Court ka final verdict nahi aata, yeh mudda political aur public discourse mein central rahega. Iski success ya failure ka analysis tab hi possible hoga jab iske long-term impacts clear honge.